M. Jalal Hashim (PhD) is the Secretary General of the Pan Afrikan Congress, Sudan (PAC-SD). He is a linguist specialised in developing and promoting non-written Afrikan languages into means of educational
instruction and cultural activities. He is a staunch human rights activist in matters pertaining to any violations in such matters, in particular, the rights of the diasporan black Afrikans to both reparation and repatriation. He has published a number of books and articles in English and Arabic on
the cultural and political situations in Sudan in particular and Pan Afrikanism at large. One of his latest books is: To be or not to
be: Sudan at Crossroads: A Pan African Perspective (Dar es Salaam: Mkuki Na Nyota, 2019). It is the first book ever to be written about the Sudan from a Pan Afrikan perspective and serves as one of the best introductory books that try to explain why Sudan, as a black Afrikan Arabophone
country has been plagued for so long with engineered civil wars.